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Blog Articles

  • ERC6492 Signature Verification and the Prepare Retry

    EVM patterns

    ERC6492 Signature Verification and the Prepare Retry

    A wrapped smart account proof can run a deployment or preparation call before the wallet answers. ERC6492 signature verification needs a state check as well as a verdict when the caller can commit writes.

    11 min read

  • ERC165 Interface Detection: What a Positive Result Proves

    EVM patterns

    ERC165 Interface Detection: What a Positive Result Proves

    A support response advertises a callable interface. Behavior and authorization need separate evidence. ERC165 interface detection should use a named detector policy, retain unresolved outcomes and inform only the integration decision that its evidence supports.

    11 min read

  • ERC1363 Callback Security: Receipt, Approval and Reentry

    EVM patterns

    ERC1363 Callback Security: Receipt, Approval and Reentry

    A token callback does not by itself prove that an application received an authorized payment. ERC1363 callback security requires authenticating the token, separating approval from receipt and checking the exact callback delivery path.

    12 min read

  • ERC2771 Forwarder Security: Trusted Context and Request Evidence

    EVM patterns

    ERC2771 Forwarder Security: Trusted Context and Request Evidence

    A recipient reads an appended sender only through a trusted forwarder with sufficient calldata. ERC2771 forwarder security requires authentic request verification, correct context consumption and application authorization on every relevant route.

    12 min read

  • Solidity Transient Storage Security: Lifetime, Ownership and Cleanup

    EVM patterns

    Solidity Transient Storage Security: Lifetime, Ownership and Cleanup

    Temporary state resets at transaction end and can still be shared by calls within that transaction. Transient storage security requires explicit owner mapping, successful-call cleanup and rollback tests for the actual execution graph.

    12 min read

  • ERC3156 Flash Loan Security: Callback Authority and Repayment

    EVM patterns

    ERC3156 Flash Loan Security: Callback Authority and Repayment

    Repayment protects the lender's financing boundary, while the receiver must authorize the work performed during the loan. ERC3156 flash loan security requires lender and initiator checks plus the application's own request and allowance policy.

    12 min read

  • Governance Timelock Security: Readiness, Roles and Execution

    EVM patterns

    Governance Timelock Security: Readiness, Roles and Execution

    An elapsed delay makes an operation eligible for further checks, while authority and dependencies still govern execution. Governance timelock security requires closing target bypasses and testing roles, predecessors and recovery paths.

    11 min read

  • ERC4337 Paymaster Security: Sponsorship, Prefund and Settlement

    EVM patterns

    ERC4337 Paymaster Security: Sponsorship, Prefund and Settlement

    A paymaster sponsors gas under its own acceptance policy and can still pay when the user action fails. ERC4337 paymaster security requires operation binding, complete prefund accounting and tested settlement behavior for the deployed EntryPoint version.

    12 min read

  • L2 Sequencer Security: Recovery Gates and Oracle Boundary Tests

    Chains

    L2 Sequencer Security: Recovery Gates and Oracle Boundary Tests

    A sequencer returning to service does not establish that every oracle-dependent operation is ready. L2 sequencer security requires separate checks for reported uptime, elapsed recovery time and the price observation used by the application.

    11 min read

  • ERC1271 Signature Validation: Wallet State and Response Evidence

    EVM patterns

    ERC1271 Signature Validation: Wallet State and Response Evidence

    Contract wallets decide whether a signature is authorized in the state where they are checked. ERC1271 signature validation requires the expected return value, current wallet policy and a separately enforced application action.

    13 min read

  • Permit2 Revocation: Allowances, Pending Signatures and Reapproval

    EVM patterns

    Permit2 Revocation: Allowances, Pending Signatures and Reapproval

    Removing the token's approval blocks Permit2 token movement but leaves internal permission records in place. Permit2 revocation must match the route being removed: a standing allowance, a pending signed allowance update or a SignatureTransfer message.

    12 min read

  • Safe Module Security: Guards, Execution Paths and Treasury Approval

    EVM patterns

    Safe Module Security: Guards, Execution Paths and Treasury Approval

    An enabled module can authorize execution through a path separate from the owner quorum. Safe module security therefore requires checking the module itself, the deployed account version and the guard configuration on each relevant route.

    12 min read

  • ERC4626 Vault Security: Rounding, Donations and Safe Integration

    EVM patterns

    ERC4626 Vault Security: Rounding, Donations and Safe Integration

    Protecting deposits requires an enforced execution bound as well as sound share accounting. ERC4626 vault security also extends to the oracle routes that turn shares into collateral: a rounding defense does not establish that an integrated lending market is safe.

    12 min read

  • Top 10 Regulated Crypto Developers for Crypto and DeFi Markets

    Services

    Top 10 Regulated Crypto Developers for Crypto and DeFi Markets

    Pharos Production leads this shortlist for MiCA-oriented crypto software delivery, followed by nine developers with different trading, tokenization and integration strengths. Choose regulated crypto developers by the evidence they can produce for your operating model. Our complete Article 62(2) census found 19 application information items, including 6 expressly tied to the intended service.

    13 min read